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Literary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay

This essay will discuss several literary criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. After skimming through several articles, I ended up with four peer-reviewed journal articles, each a different critical perspectives of the play: feminist, psychoanalytical/freudian, moral, and new historicism. My previous studies of Hamlet, as well as my rereading of the play this semester, has collectively given me a general knowledge of the text. My familiarity of the play made it easier for me to decipher the academic journals and see the connections each critic made with the play. I found it interesting, that after reading Hamlet so many times, that there were connections I never made on my own. For instance, the character Francisco only†¦show more content†¦I enjoyed this moral critique, and, assuming Shakespeare intended for his audience to make the connection, gives me a better understanding of the playwrights own morality. Looking at the play through this moralistic perspective, Cla udius’s actions would be defined as immoral: he violates a general moral principle by killing his brother and then again by taking what belonged to the King and made it his without permission. The murdered king does reappear, however, as a a ghost. The ghost in Hamlet is the subject of many literary critiques; in my research I came across two articles in particular about this topic that caught my interest. In particular, Zimmerman’s article explores Kristeva theory of abjection. The reaction from a threatening breakdown in meaning caused by the loss of the ability to distinguish between subject/self and object/other. The human corpse is one of the most common causes of this reaction because it reminds the living of their own materiality. Upon reading this I was able to relate it to Hamlet as Zimmerman did, â€Å"When the ghost first appears, he comes encased in armor, a portentous figure, a fair and warlike form (1.1.112, 50). What lies behind the armor is of course a corpse: if what makes Hamlet Sr. seem alive is his battle-ready fierceness, then what makes him an illusion is the mystery within. no/thing, an apprehensible outside enclosing andShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Revenge Tragedy In Hamlet1033 Words   |  5 PagesA lot of Shakespeare’s plays allude to revenge and revenge tragedy. Revenge tragedy is seeking revenge for wrongdoings done against someone in a literary work. Usually, the person seeking this revenge is the protagonist and the plot is usually developed throughout their journey to get their rightful revenge. Revenge tragedy is also the central conflict within a literary work. In the play, Hamlet,Young Fortinbras, and Laertes are all examples of revenge tragedy. Hamlet ironically isn’t a person thatRead MoreHamlet: a Feminist Approach Essay examples1224 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: A Feminist Approach Sexism: the belief or attitude that one sex is inherently superior to, more competent than, or more valuable than the other (most commonly used for male superiority). This idea that women are weak is not a new one in the modern world. It has been studied for countless years along with the concept of a patriarchal society. A patriarchy is defined as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. Such systems currentlyRead MoreHamlet As Seen Through The Feminist Critical Lens1481 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet As Seen Through the Feminist Critical Lens As stated by Tim Gillespie in his text Doing Literary Criticism, the concept of literary criticism is the field of â€Å"interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating† literary works. Thus, literary criticism is not objective; rather, it varies subjectively depending on the critic and the lens, or school, they choose to view the work of literature through. Though the actual content of literature is of extreme importance, the way it is approached is of nearlyRead MoreThe Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self-Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. TheRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has been praised and revered for centuries as one of William Shakespeares best known and most popular tragedies. Based on its popularity, critics alike have taken various viewpoints and theories in order to explain Hamlets actions throughout the play. The psychoanalytic point of view is one of the most famous positions taken on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms ofRead MoreThe Resisting Reader, By Judith Fetterley1391 Words   |  6 Pages In her book, â€Å"The Resisting Reader,† Judith Fetterley says of feminist criticism, â€Å"At its best, feminist criticism is a political act whose aim is not simply to interpret the world but to change it by changing the consciousness of those who read and their relation to what they read† (Fetterley viii). The most prevalent place that feminist criticism is used in this way is in response to the literary idea of the typical damsel in distress. The fragile young maiden who cannot fend for herself and mustRead MoreLiterary Scholarship And Criticism Of Shakespeare s The Invention Of The Human 1309 Words   |  6 Pagesbeyond the end of the mind’s reach, we cannot catch up to them. Shakespeare will go on explaining us, in part because, he invented us† (pp. 19-20). Bloom’s audacious evaluation of Shakespeare has been echoed throughout the canon of literary scholarship and criticism. In fact, Bloom’s â€Å"invention† thesis, found in Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, represents a culmination of centuries of teaching and reflection upon the famous English poet’s craft. This craft is explicated by another ShakespeareRead MoreEssay about Portrayal of Women in Shakespeares Hamlet 1227 Words   |  5 PagesPortrayal of Women in Shakespeares Hamlet  Ã‚   Shakespeare was possibly the first writer to portray women as strong, crafty, and intelligent. However, he has still received criticism from feminists about his representation of women. Some have even accused him of misogyny. There are only two female characters in the play Hamlet - Gertrude, Hamlets mother and Ophelia, daughter of Polonius. Any debate based upon gender roles must therefore focus upon these two characters. Shakespeare portraysRead MoreImpossibility of Certainty in Hamlet1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impossibility of Certainty in Hamlet â€Å"Doubt is that state of mind where the questioner faces no single answer nor the lack of one, but rather a choice between a pair of alternatives.† – Harry Levin in The Question of Hamlet It is appropriate that William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is regarded as the Bard’s greatest dramatic enigma, for misunderstanding is the unavoidable condition of Hamlet’s quest for certainties. Not only is Hamlet bewildered by puzzling visions and by commands seeminglyRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1149 Words   |  5 Pagesand bailiff, Shakespeare is believed to have attended King’s New School because his father held an official position. Shakespeare did not receive any higher level education, however. Hardly anything else is known of the young William Shakespeare’s childhood. Shakespeare’s timeline then jumps ahead to November 28, 1852 when he married Anne Hathaway to legitimize Hathaway’s pregnancy. Their first daughter Susanna was born shortly after the marriage. She was shortly followed by the twins Judith and Hamnet

General Characteristics of Battered Woman Syndrome

Battered Woman Syndrome An estimated 1.3 million women are victims of physical assault by an intimate partner each year. A surfacing psychological condition known as Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS), develops after experiencing physical and emotional abuse over an extended period of time. BWS has been subcategorized as a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, proving that it is indeed, a very serious and severe condition. Battered Woman Syndrome causes severe, emotional and psychological trauma in women after prolonged abuse in an intimate relationship; the number of Battered Woman cases in America is rising each year and it is necessary that more attention be brought to its significance as well as the victims being effected. More†¦show more content†¦Women stay because sometimes, they have nowhere left to go. She stays because she believes that maybe, the man she once loved will stop the abuse. Women stay in these abusive relationships because they are trapped and they are helpless. The question is not why do these women stay, but why do these men feel the obligation and audacity to batter them. Even when the cycle of abuse seems endless, however, there are ways to help and treat a victim of domestic violence or more so, a battered woman. First of all, safety must be established. For a battered woman, even hinting towards divorce or a break-up with the batterer can be the most unsafe time. Secondly, a treatment plan and or trauma therapy should be considered to ensure a safe recovery for the victim of abuse. Therapy can be a very powerful tool in helping victims heal after abuse. The therapy addresses the fear and guilt that the victim feels as well as helping to mend difficult relationships and unhealthy behaviors that develop. Trauma therapy helps a victim move pass her abusive experiences and helps her understand that the psychological effects of the abuse are normal and can, very well, be treated. A battered woman’s symptoms after abuse are referred to as traumatic triggers: typical trauma triggers include the memory of the way the batterer’s face or eyes look when heShow MoreRelatedBattered Woman Syndrome And The National Institute Of Justice1585 Words   |  7 Pagesher lifetime (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2012). This type of abuse can be fatal and detrimental to one’s personal growth. When woman are repeatedly abused, they show different signs, symptoms and general characteristics. These characterist ics are defined as Battered Woman Syndrome. Battered Woman Syndrome, or BTS, was a theory that was developed in the 1970’s (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2010). As stated before, BTS is the signs, symptoms, and general characteristics of battered woman. According to DrRead MoreBattered Woman Syndrome : The Perfect Defense Or Perfect Murder?1652 Words   |  7 PagesBattered Woman Syndrome: The Perfect Defense Or The Perfect Murder The standards of women and their rights have changed vastly over the years. In the 1800’s women were subject to whatever treatment a man felt necessary. Self-defense was not heard of and women did not dare stand up for themselves. In the modern age of today women have the right to be treated just like everyone else is, with respect. Although women have more rights in today’s society and have the right to stand up for themselves thatRead MoreKnowledge Of Violence Against Women1860 Words   |  8 Pagesdefinition of what constitutes self-defense has led to the conviction of many battered women who kill their partners. Through a legal and psychological lens many have examined this phenomenon, delving deeper than the superficial and one-dimensional definitions set by the courts. There is a difference between what is considered situational intimate couple violence, and instances of battered women syndrome. The key characteristic of battering is the longevity of the abuse. Due to its time frame, a batteringRead More The Battered Woman Syndrome and Criminal Law Essay3845 Words   |  16 Pagesfrom Battered Womens Syndrome. Battered Womens Syndrome, or BWS, is a very complex psychological problem facing criminal courts today and has caused great debate on whether or not it should even be allowed in the courtroom. Although the syndrome has been given more consideration as a warranted issue by society, those who create our laws and control our courtrooms, have not developed a defense that sufficiently protects these women. United States courtrooms, instead of protecting battered womenRead MoreEssay on Domestic Violence Informative Outline1358 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence INTRODUCITON: GAIN AUDIENCE ATTENTION: Open with domestic violence video via Prezi. According to statistics found by the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Every nine seconds a woman is abused by her husband or intimate partner. At least 1 in every 4 women and 1 in every 9 men have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in their lifetime. Most often the abuser is one of their own family. Domestic violence is a problem that somehow affects everyRead MoreDescribe the Extent to Which Recent Reforms to Murder in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Are a Change for the Better but Have Not Necessarily Satisfied Those Who Campaigned for Change.1873 Words   |  8 Pagesguilty. Previously any cooling off period might have counted against the defendant. This was problematic for women who were in violent relationships; they were unable to plead the defence due to the perceived element of pre-meditation. In Ahluwalia a woman had been in an arranged marriage, her husband was very violent towards her over a period of 10 years. She poured white spirit over h er husband and set it alight causing his death. The courts accepted the possibility of a slow burn reaction; howeverRead MoreThe Mormon Church A Short Time After Meeting Alexander Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesjailed and prior to her trial. Again, the defense team’s strategy was a not guilty plea, while they concur that Arias admitted to killing Travis Alexander, they assert it was self-defense. They also claimed she fit the profile of a woman suffering from Battered Woman Syndrome. Although Arias does meet the criteria for a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder, it is my assertion that there is a high likelihood that she is a psychopath. Individuals who have psychopathic personality display a â€Å"uniqueRead MoreThe Between Domestic Violence And Children2957 Words   |  12 Pagespaper is should the state be able to remove a child from a home where domestic violence occurs often? 1.Domestic violence can happen to both men and women who are in an intimate relationship. This relationship does not only occur between a man and a woman, but it can occur in relationships where partners are both either males or females. The term given to the person that is committing the violence on the victim is called a batterer. A batterer is someone who exercises a pattern of coercive control inRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd2486 Words   |  10 Pagesthese cognitive changes do not appear to be adaptive in regards to bullying, as they leave adolescents much more vulnerable to bullying’s negative consequences than adults. Adolescents have a higher chance of attributing the bullying to their own characteristics and self-worth and, perhaps mistakenly, perceiving the bullying as a potential threat to their lives. These factors leave adolescents distinctly more prone to developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms, such as depressive or aggressiveRead MoreThe R elevancy of Diminished Responsibility Essay3509 Words   |  15 Pageswhether volition is an active state in the mind or whether it is a mental state, like a thought , that just comes to one. Moore puts it as Volitions are simply the last executors both of our more general intentions and of the background states of desire and belief that those more general intentions themselves execute. 2 . This does not consider the connections between the object of the volitions and the mind. Moore also points out the various ways of looking at these connections

Annotated Bibliography On The Magic Behind The Mirror

Daniella Hovav Mrs. Miller Science Sep.24 2017 Annotated Bibliography The Magic Behind The Mirror Most people believe that when you look at a mirror, you only see your reflection. But if that s true, how can you see through an infinity mirror? Does it need to be dark for this illusion to appear? How can you tell when a mirror is reflective or transmissive? All of these things need to be in mind when creating this illusion. Here is all the science behind this mirror, including the Droste Effect, and how mirrors work, and even the history of mirrors, which can be dated all the way back when people discovered their reflection in ponds and lakes. Nowadays, mirrors are works of art, illusions, and objects used in houses and sculptures.†¦show more content†¦The Droste Effect came from a Dutch cocoa company, called Droste. On the box of the coca powder, there was a lady holding a tray with a box of Droste, and in that box there was another picture of a lady with a box of Droste, and so on. People soon discovered this ‘picture in a picture’ idea and started to make it popular. In the 1950s, artists started to use this effect for paintings, and spirals. Soon after people discovered that you could take two mirrors and see the image depicted on it go in a tunnel forever†¦(Or until enough light escapes that you can’t see any more reflections). But how can you know when a mirror is transmissive or reflective? Some mirrors may be more transmissive than another, while some may be more reflective. You use 2 types of mirrors when making an infinity mirror. If you used 2 regular completely reflective mirrors, you would not be able to see through! But if you used one regular mirror in the back and a piece of glass in the front, you would see an ordinary cardboard box with some LED lights inside. So how do you make this work? You use mirrors with different reflectivity. The mirror in the back is a regular mirror, while the mirror to the right of the box is a one-way mirror. This means it is half reflective and half transmissive. This way, you create the Droste effect when you look through the box of the infinity mirror. The infinity mirror will look like aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Opening Theme of Desperate Housewives5479 Words   |  22 Pages Aged Woman 14 4 Conclusion 16 5 Appendix 5.1 Bibliography 17 5.2 Images 18 1 IntroductionRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight5387 Words   |  22 Pagestraditional female archetypes of courtly love, disobedience, lust and death) the Gawain poet points out the conflict between courtly love and spiritual love which he, and other critics of the time, felt had drastically weakened the religious values behind chivalry. As such, the poem is a warning to its Aristocratic readers that the traditional religious values underlying the feudal system must be upheld in order to avert destruction of their way of life. It is easy to read _Sir Gawain and the GreenRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages[ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century 34 The 18th and Early 19th Centuries 35 The Victorians: The Golden Age 36 Twentieth Century: Widening Worlds 38 9. Bibliography 38 1. Introduction In 1817 Robert Bloomfield, author of The History of Little Davy’s New Hat, wrote: ‘The longer I live †¦ the more I am convinced of the importance of children’s books.’ That similar statements are still being made two hundredRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesthese teams and clubs are suffering from extreme lack of funds, exposure and leagues to compete in. Bar-On also provides a powerful example when he refers to Paraguay’s ban on women playing soccer, which was in effect until 1979. The reasoning behind that law was that playing soccer was â€Å"contrary to their natural femininity† (Bar-On:1997:2.2). †¢ Conclusion: The author concludes that â€Å"the dominant orientation of Latin American football, especially at the professional level, has beenRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesanalyzing the way in which the organization is operating and then feeding information back into the planning process so that the organization has a way of continually examining and correcting its goals in light of current information. Controlling is the mirror image of planning. In planning, managers establish where the organization is going, and in controlling, they decide whether they are on target to reach these goals. If planning allows an organization to decide where it is going, controlling allows

Impact of Effective Communication on Business-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Various aspects of effective business communication and its impact on the business functioning with ease and effectiveness. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to discuss the various aspects of effective business communication and its impact on the business functioning with ease and effectiveness. The two business organisations considered here as the case study are Woolworths and Aldi in Australia. There are different types of communication followed by these two organisations and so the best communication method and the least effective communication practice will be illustrated here in details. It will also evaluate how the communication type proved to be effective for one organisation while it may not be the right approach for another company. Providing a detailed analysis of the positives and negatives of the two most important communication techniques and its impacts is one of the main reasons of developing this report as well (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Discussions Basic principles of effective communication within organisations To enable the perfect communication within the business organisations, it is important to identify the various principles of effective communication including the clarity of messages, adequacy, attention, timing, integrity, its strategic use, interest and acceptance, balance between uniformity and adaptability and selection of proper communication channel too (Robles, 2012). Clarity To make sure that the communication process is noteworthy, it is important to understand the purpose of communication at first. The business communication could be successful as well as experience clarity when the receiver could understand the messages and information that would be transmitted. The sender must send the messages and information in such a manner so that the receiver could understand it and the communication process should also be clear, simple and possess easy language. Adequacy The main purpose of communication process is to manage optimum flow of information, which can not only benefit the two companies, i.e., Woolworths and Aldi, but can also allow the organisations to establish trust and sense of loyalty among the customers through interaction with them (Dainton Zelley, 2017). The messages must be adequate so that it could ensure proper flow and create convenience while being transferred from the sender to the receiver. Attention through understandable and meaningful message The delivered messages and information should be possessing right information and provide a clear meaning through its content, so that it could create attention among the receiver and ensure that they know the purpose of obtaining the information. Thus, the attention of the receiver and his ability to read to understand the message should be vital for establishing good communication. Both the supermarket chains have promoted their products by creating good messages and information and posted those on social media platforms so that customers can gain clear knowledge about the kinds of products that they want to purchase (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). Timing Time is an essential factor that contributes to the successful management of business communication. The effectiveness of a message depends upon the time taken to deliver and receive the message. It is also important that the business organisations take time to compile proper information and data consisting of diversified and complex contents and then make sure to deliver the right message on time to influence the consumers buying behaviours. Integrity and strategic use The individuals associated with the centres of communication should be focused on as well. It is often seen that the top-level managers forget to communicate messages to the middle level or line managers and rather try to communicate with the employees directly. Though it is an effective way to keep the staffs motivated within the workplace, still the line managers can feel ignored and not being able to gain the respect and position that they currently hold within the organisation (Conrad Poole, 2012). Thus, communication could be successful only when it happens from top to bottom with every stage passed through. When the information and messages during communication process are not enough, then strategically using the information obtained could be beneficial for making these organisations create sustainable place in the market. Two-way communication is needed for the companies to ensure that the messages are delivered properly and the business requirements are met (Sigmar et al., 2012). Description of the businesses Woolworths and Aldi both are major retail companies situated in Australia that deliver good quality products and services all over Australia and in other places worldwide too. Both these two companies focus on communication to promote a good culture, better teamwork and coordination within the organisation as well as understand the needs and requirements of clients to keep them satisfied. Woolworths is one of major supermarket and grocery store chain in Australia that holds 80 percent of the Australian market with an estimated revenue of more than 42.13 billion AUD. Aldi is a common brand that manages two of the leading discount supermarket chains with more than 10000 stores worldwide. It has a combined turnover of more than 50 billion and holds over 104,000 employees (Conrad Newberry, 2012). Comparing the nature of communications The business organisation Woolworths follows the verbal communication mostly to exchange messages and information face to face and discuss about the important business aspects. It is also seen that enabling verbal communication facilitates the information sharing and exchange efficiency as well as allowed the top level managers to consult with the employees while making decisions. The verbal communication styles followed by the company include meetings, presentations and lectures and conversations done through telephone usage or video conversations too. Meetings allowed the top-level managers of Woolworths to meet the middle level managers and the staffs to obtain their opinions and feedbacks regarding the business function and identify the areas which need improvements (Levin Nolan, 2014). The brainstorming sessions are managed as well to enable changes and furthermore evaluate the current market conditions based on which, the products can be delivered and new products shall be int roduced. The company authorities manage the meetings every month where every participant can get a chance to speak without monopolising the agenda. The company interacts with the managers and gain their feedbacks regarding the products delivered by the company through telephonic conversations. In case of any queries the customers services department provide relevant solutions to the customers and maintained a positive relationship with them, which further helped in influencing their buying behaviours (Oradee, 2012). Verbal communication styles also allowed the company managers to interact with the employees and understand their needs for development, based on which, necessary training sessions were provided to them. This could lift their morale, enhance their skills, knowledge, and keep them motivated an encouraged to perform with dedication and commitment (Agnola Cofaru, 2014). On the other hand, Aldi proposed the role playing activities as major forms of communication. The company is more focused on teamwork and so to handle different critical situations with ease. Here a particular scenario is formed where individuals play different roles and this is how their works and approaches are evaluated regarding how they respond to the different approaches and situations, furthermore remain counterproductive. This would also help in understanding what people think and how they might feel in such situations. It is an effective communication approach to develop experience, skills and self-confidence among the individuals and allow them to handle critical situations through preparation made by acting in similar kind of situation. With situations, evolving from time to time, mistakes and errors would be overcome and this would strengthen the brainstorming sessions, furthermore promote effective coordination and teamwork (Setiawan, Abadi Rahman, 2013). Types of communication Woolworths considered the verbal communication effective because it allowed the company to maintain good relationships with its customers by interacting them online and at the same time enable proper communication between the staffs within the workplace. Meetings were held and video conferences with the use of internet further helped the employees working within the organisation to communicate with each other and discuss about the business related tasks (Dias, 2016). The top-level managers communicated accurate messages and information to the line managers through meetings, which were later communicated to the staffs through telephonic or online conversations and chat messages (woolworths.com.au, 2018). This form of communication is less time consuming and both the sender and receiver can be engaged easily, which has further maintained the clarity and consistency of messages that are delivered (woolworths.com.au, 2018). Another verbal communication style that might not be the most effective for Woolworths could be the workshops. Here instructions are provided to the teams to develop their skills and experiences and even the leaders can provide proper information about a certain business scenarios to the staffs. Woolworths was experiencing lack of communication and so the leaders were not much active to deliver messages and information to the employees directly. This could have hindered the proper accomplishment of researches undertaken to focus on the business issues and furthermore might have created difficulties to solve problems and negotiate solutions as well (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Due to lack of proper instructions gained by the staffs, the company failed to respond to queries by the customers on online platforms, which could have even deteriorated the brand reputation. The role-playing communication was though considered as effective by Aldi because the staffs were allowed to take part in real world situations and made sure that their skills and knowledge level improve. One of the major purpose of such communication is to keep the staffs informed, engaged and motivated all throughout to perform with effectiveness. The supermarket chain has emphasised on this internal communication style. The employees and staffs took part in role playing sessions based on real business scenarios about how to target the major audience group (Aldi.com.au, 2018). This was done through discussions, which shed limelight on various areas including editorial focus, social media assets, web creativity and even promotions through televisions and advertisements for engaging more customers with the brand with ease and effectiveness. As the staffs became informed about knowledgeable about the ways of targeting different market segments, they focused on enhancing the marketing awareness through introduction of digital billboards and other social media promotional campaigns to ensure that the messages and information about the new products introduced can be delivered to the customers (Robles, 2012). Aldi possesses a good organisational structure and culture, because of which, meetings and face-to-face conversations are not much of use, because most of the staffs were quite friendly and communicated among each other properly. Training programs were arranged as well for enhancing the self competency and communication skills, because of which, they had been quite skilled and knowledgeable to handle critical situations with ease (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). Impact of communication The verbal communication styles adopted at Woolworths have created a huge positive impact on the organisations through cost savings, time saving as well as obtaining immediate feedbacks and responses from the clients regarding any queries and delivering appropriate solutions too. Consumers complained about inappropriate customers services previously, due to which, oral communication could be managed by managing telephonic conversations and even communicating with them in social media platforms for assisting them to overcome any issues faced. The employees also could communicate with each other quite easily and this promoted favourable relationships between the two parties with ease and efficiency too (Conrad Poole, 2012). This also allowed the managers to communicate with the employees face to face, which further kept them motivated an encouraged to perform better. The verbal communication at Woolworths has affected the business sometimes due to lack of secrecy, which resulted in no legal validation and created misunderstandings among people within the workplace. At Aldi, role-playing was adopted as useful form of communication because it developed higher level of engagement with the issues and knowledge and improved the skills of staffs too. The role playing activities also helped in proper assessment and flow of information , which further created more opportunities to adapt to real world business scenarios and ensure successful growth and growth of own self and organisation too. It is has allowed the staffs of Aldi to understand the requirements of customers by getting opportunities to practice in a safer environment where any mistakes will not lead to real world consequences (Aldi.com.au, 2018). Not everyone has the ability to judge how the roles should be played, because of which the communication process could deteriorate. It can take lot of time to make decisions and even get difficult to adapt to the situation quickly. Conclusion From the report, it could be analysed and interpreted that the two companies in Australia followed different communication styles, which possessed both positives and few drawbacks too. Though Woolworths followed the verbal communication to remain connected with the customers and even promoted teamwork within the workplace, there were few areas that still needed improvements. The customers services lacked certain improvements, because of which, the communication with the customers was not up to the mark. Aldi followed the role-playing in training strategy to understand each others skills and facilitate the communication process. However, it was sometimes difficult to predict the real world scenarios, which even created difficulties to understand the preferences of the customers due to inaccurate flow and exchange of information and messages. It is recommended to improve the core areas and maintain the principles properly for both these two companies and ensure that close relationships are managed with both the clients and within the workplace. References Agnola, L., Cofaru, I. I. (2014). Electronic Infrastructure Aimed At Improving Comunication And Education For Business And Academia. InBalkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education(Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 171-174). De Gruyter Open. Aldi.com.au. (2018). Aldi.com.au. Retrieved 13 February 2018, from https://www.aldi.com.au/ Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact.MIS quarterly, 1165-1188. Conrad, C., Poole, M. S. (2012).Strategic organizational communication: In a global economy. John Wiley Sons. Conrad, D., Newberry, R. (2012). Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education.Journal of Education for Business,87(2), 112-120. Dainton, M., Zelley, E. D. (2017).Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction. Sage publications. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Iheanacho, N. N. (2016). From Culture to Intercultural Comunication.Intercultural Communication and Public Policy, 1. Levin, J., Nolan, J. F. (2014).Principles of classroom management: A professional decision-making model. Pearson. One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Oradee, T. (2012). Developing speaking skills using three communicative activities (discussion, problem-solving, and role-playing).International Journal of Social Science and Humanity,2(6), 533. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Setiawan, A., Abadi, I., Rahman, S. A. (2013). Implementation of Digital Signage for Digital Comunication Media.ISICO 2013,2013. Sigmar, L. S., Hynes, G. E., Hill, K. L. (2012). Strategies for teaching social and emotional intelligence in business communication.Business Communication Quarterly,75(3), 301-317. woolworths.com.au. (2018). Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 13 February 2018, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/

Human Genetics Essay Example For Students

Human Genetics Essay Human Genome Project A genome is defined as the complete collection of an organisms genetic material. The human genome is composed of about 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. It is said that a single human chromosome may contain more than 250 million DNA base pairs, and it is estimated that the entire human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs. The DNA is gathered through blood samples taken from many different people. Though each person has a unique set of DNA the difference in a given pair of samples is less than 1 percent making the differences pale in comparison to the similarities. The Human Genome Project is an international collaboration of scientists whos goal is to gain a basic understanding of the genetic blueprint of a human being. This information is found in each cell of the body, encoded in the DNA. The intent of this project is to identify all genes in the nucleus of a human cell, to map where those genes are on the chromosomes of the nucleus, and to determine the seqeuncing or the order of these chemical subunits of the DNA. The idea to undertake such a project was came about through a series of scientific conferences held between 1985 and 1987. The actual project ,however, did not begin until 1990 with the expansion of funding from the NIH and DOE. There are many nations involved with this project as part of an informal pact including France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and many other european nations. Also in an effort to speed up the mapping and sequencing process several private companies have been enlisted to help such as Celera Genomics. Today there is a lot of research being done under the umbrella of the Human Genome Project. For instince gene therapy is being developed as a very real cure for such hereditary diseases as Cystic Fibrosis and Parkinsons where somewhere in the genetic make up of the body there is a glich tht alows the nervous tissue of the brain to deteriorate at a slow but steady rate. With gene therapy we will be able to replace the tissue in the brain with correctly funtioning tissue from an animal such as a pig. As of early 1999 the Human Genome Project was ahead of schedule. There is said to be nearly 10 percent of the genome sequenced already or about 7,600 genes have been mapped to particular chromosomes. Also, researchers have sequenced the complete genomes of several other organisms such as E. Coli . This should help scientists to find parallels between our genes and the genes of other organisms. When completed this project will reap great rewards for the time and effort put in. Biologists will be able to look at detailed DNA information that will help in understanding the structure, organization, and function of DNA in chromosomes. Genome maps of other creatures will provide a way for scientists to learn more about more complex biological systems such as our own. In other words this information will revolutionize the future biological studies. There are however some controversial issues raised by the findings of this study. One worry is that soon we will be able to clone humans for body parts in order to save lives. On the surface this seems like a good idea however if put in the wrong hands this information could be used to make clones of armies for unstable countries or it could be used to clone those people who had bad influences on history such as hitler. Besides this issue there is a religious question that is raised. Should we as humans be able to play god and create life or should we let sleeping dogs lie and leave this project alone. Seven Samurai Essay One should think about the possibilities in third world countries like Somalia, where whole villages could be made healthy and immune to diseases, and hunger could be something from the past never to return again. Another non-medical benefit from cloning is the potential for immortality. One hopes that cloning will help one to understand how to reverse DNA back to age twenty or whatever age one wanted to be (Mahendran 2). Could cloning be the long sought after fountain of youth? Furthermore, human cloning could also enhance cosmetic procedures. For instance, breast implants, which have the potential to cause .